Heather Grabbe is Senior Fellow at Bruegel, the economics think-tank, as well as Visiting Professor at University College London and Senior Advisor to the Open Society Foundations. From 2004 to 2009 she was senior advisor to European Commissioner Olli Rehn on the Balkans and Turkey. Previously, Dr Grabbe was deputy director of the Centre for European Reform in London, and she conducted academic research at the European University Institute, Chatham House, Oxford and Birmingham universities. She is Policy Associate in the Climate and Green Economy unit.